Penny Press Essay Example

Penny Press Essay Example Penny Press Paper Penny Press Paper Until the early 1800’s, newspapers in England and America were expensive and therefore exclusive to the wealthy and literate minority. On average, newspapers would cost around six cents per issue and were usually sold through subscription only. Readers would have to pay for a years’ worth of newspapers when first signing up for a subscription, and that cost could be a middle-class worker’s week’s wage. Most people could not afford newspapers and therefore could not receive daily news. In 1833, a cheap newspaper was introduced that cost only a penny per paper. The Industrial Revolution had made printing such a cheap paper possible, and the new â€Å"Penny Press† newspaper became an instant hit. No yearly subscription was necessary, and the majority could afford to read the daily news. This made people in both England and America more aware of current events, and also led to a dramatic increase in literacy rates. The accessibility of the Penny Press to the masses is similar to that of today’s internet blogs. Many websites show news for free, making it available for anybody with internet access. Most blogs that present news concentrate on a certain specific topics. For example, a famous blog called Gizmodo shares the latest updates on new technology, whereas celebrity gossip blogs like Perez Hilton show news about famous people. Blogs are often written in colloquial English, as opposed to newspapers like the New York Times, which are very well-written and may be hard to understand for some. The â€Å"Penny Press† newspaper was important because it made news available to the masses, as do blogs today.

Amelia Earharts Last Flight essays

Amelia Earhart's Last Flight essays There is nothing special about flying around the world, George Putnam told his wife Amelia. People have already done it (Earhart 73). Yes, Amelia replied, but nobody has ever done it at the Equator, where the distance around the earth is the greatest (Earhart 73). On June 1, 1937 Amelia Earhart and her navigator Fred Noonan departed Miami, Florida bound for California by traveling around the world. The first destination was San Juan, Puerto Rico. From there they would go to the northeast edge of South America, across the Atlantic Ocean to Africa and the Red Sea. The flight to Karachi (then part of India) was another first-no one had ever flown non-stop from the Red Sea to India before. From Karachi the Lockheed Electra flew to Calcutta on June 17. From there, they flew on to Rangoon, Bangkok, Singapore, and Bandoeng. Monsoon weather prevented departure from Bandoeng for several days. It was June 27 before Earhart and Noonan were able to leave Bandoeng for Port Darwin, Australia. Earhart reached Lae in New Guinea on June 29. At this point they had flown 22,000 miles and there were 7,000 more to go. The next stop was Howland Island, a small piece of land that would be their refueling stop on the way to the Hawaiian Islands. It was 2,556 miles away from Lae and surrounded by nothing but ocean. The U.S. Coast Guard cutter Itasca was at the island to keep in radio contact. At first, everything seemed to go well. Earhart radioed she was making good progress and was within 100 miles of the island. Later she radioed: KHAQQ cling [calling] Itasca. We must be on you but cannot see you . . .gas is running low . . . (Lovell 283). After several more messages, she gave what she believed to be her position, then the radio went dead. The cutter Itasca, a battleship, an aircraft carrier with all its planes, and four destr ...

The History of Work Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The History of Work - Research Paper Example From creation, people used to live unorganized lifestyles where they for example lived in caves doing nothing for livelihood. The urge to get organized and engage in some activities geared towards making their lives productive and enjoyable led to development of some tools which they utilized to make a living, for instance, through hunting and gathering. It is from there that they saw the importance of settlement and they became more organized and engaged in activities like farming although to very small scale which later developed to large scale production with advancement or utilization of technology in terms of the tools and products used. The farming revolution was experienced after 9,000 BC and brought a lot of notable changes in the world as people considered farming of crops like wheat, peas, barley and lentils among other plants as opposed to engaging in gathering them or hunting animals. Domestication of animals for instance sheep, goats and pigs was also an aspect that was adopted by the people. The first farming practices can be traced in the Fertile Crescent, which spreads from north Israel to the south east Turkey all the way to the south east of the Persian Gulf. Agriculture was however developed differently in other parts of the world as people now attached a lot of importance to it. Farming spread from the Middle East to Europe and some traditional forms of farming was practiced, for instance, the use of oxen to pull the ploughs and even the wagons. Farming was considered a very critical source of work in the agrarian revolution and people did not think of formal work since things like education and industrialization had not hit their minds. Aspects of farming did not change much in the middle ages as the peasants still considered it a difficult task due to lack of technology that could make their work easier and enjoyable. Changes were only experienced in terms of invention of some new

Implementation of Intelligence Led Policing in U.S Police Departments Dissertation

Implementation of Intelligence Led Policing in U.S Police Departments - Dissertation Example This paper stresses that various factors after the Cold War caused by rapid changes in international level, in a way, helped for the growth of serious and organized crime. These organized crimes have a greater impact on the police force that either the police departments were isolated from their colleagues or they were subjected to organizational restructuring. These movements in the police force gradually lead them to seek out new models of policing that would provide them a conceptual framework on which to orientate themselves. This report makes a conclusion that one can infer that Intelligence-Led Policing has assumed greater significance in the modern era where the rates of serious and organized crimes are increasing. As it is following modern technological developments, it has been well accepted in the modern society for preventing organized crimes. When adopting ILP, it should be noted that whole criminal justice system benefits in various ways. But the Information Security system of ILP also should be taken for granted when regarding the implementation of ILP. It should make sure that they have been well coordinated and executed. Hence, it leads to the conclusion that in Intelligence Led Policing there is a correlation between the surge of intelligence information gathered and the use of this information to solve crimes in the past five years. As police departments implement new programs and policies considerable variations have developed in the interpretation of ILP. ... intelligence are pivotal to an objective, decision-making framework that facilitates crime and problem reduction, disruption and prevention through both strategic management and effective enforcement strategies that target prolific and serious offenders† (Gottschalk, 2009, p. 286). As the quotation makes it clear, effective Intelligence Led Policing presupposes the implementation of an intelligent strategy that can withstand criminal intelligence and strategies. The Intelligence-led Policing (ILP) model policing resorts to a cost-effective crime reduction strategy that can be employed not only in the case of organized and serious crimes but also for high volume crimes such as burglary and vehicle theft. In this respect, Ratcliffe argues that such issues as â€Å"the use of computers to collate, analyse and disseminate intelligence, the relationship between the police and criminal informers, and the perceived effectiveness and evaluation of intelligence-driven strategies† need to be addressed when dealing with Intelligence-led policing (Ratcliffe, 2002, p. 55). The rapid developments in the field of Information technology have not only facilitated the managing of information and intelligence but also has accelerated effective intelligence computer system, a necessary prerequisite to effective intelligence-led policing. The growing public and private need for information have enhanced the responsibilities and roles of intelligence-led policing in the 21st century. However, studies have shown that most of the information collected through policing is used by various agencies for risk management needs rather than crime prevention.

Three things that happened in my life Essay Example for Free

Three things that happened in my life Essay What is that challenge? How is work? Is that something I can stay home and it will come over to me? Is that something I can befit because my parents have it? My explanation about challenge could be different but I think it will work. Challenge is always people dreams but most do not complete it Challenge is your dream, is something you want died for, you sacrifice our life for You believe in, you spend all your time for, you borrow money for, you cut in your sleep for, and sometime you don’t sleep for, First is work! When you want, when you decide to sacrifice you life for it, and will see how work is. No is not something you can stay home and it will come to you, is something you go looking for, no matter how bad it is outside no matter how bad the whether is you wake up with it in you head and get out looking for it, no matter how hard everything is for you go looking for it. No challenge is not something you could be befit from any parents, our parents could be rich and gives you whatever you want, you still need to know you need challenge , our parents can give you most time they have doesn’t mean anything, you can have to put yourself out and looking for challenge just like I did. Remember challenge is go back to school, or if you already at school fit for it, spend all your time on it, always have an your mine why you wake up early for? Why would you go to school for? Why would you do anything jobs to survive? Why would you need to spend a lot of time in school for? Don’t forget how much money you loose if you spend four years in college, and could save that money and go to work making more money, always ask yourself why would you do that for, and keep going in school you will see it, you will understand it, you will satisfy it, you will love it, you will say this is how challenge work.

Turning points in modern Japanese history Essay -- Japan Japanese His

Turning Points in Modern Japanese History The late nineteenth century marked the changing of government, policy, and culture within Japan. In order to understand the nation-state as it is known today, it is important to note key events in the turning of the Meiji Nation in to what is now known as modern Japan. Due to primarily discourse between Japan and China, and later Japan and the United States, the modern nation's expansive empire was annihilated. Militarism and expansionism disappointed the empire as China thwarted the Japanese efforts, with the help of the United States. Events marking the change of the Japanese empire in to the modern empire of today include the Sino-Japanese War and its consequences, tensions and international treaties with China, and most obviously, the Pacific War with the United States. These events marked the transformation of a militaristic and expansionist empire in to a democratic nation and ally. Japanese expansionism was politically and economically motivated in the case of expanding in to Korea. Korea, under the control of China, was seen as an economic source for Japan as well as an opportunity to expand Japanese security. After two Opium Wars and the Sino-French War, China had become weak and was unable to resist western intervention and encroachment. Japan saw this as an opportunity to replace Chinese influence in Korea with its own. In 1894 the Japanese entered conflict with China over the territory of Korea known as the Sino-Japanese war. The Tongchak Rebellion of 1894, however, was the turning point in war against China. As Korea was struggling against the Japanese forces, 2,000 Chinese soldiers came to assist the Koreans against Japan. This was seen as a breach of the previously ... ...economic conditions that had made Japan an aggressor nation, and transforming Japan into a peaceful democratic nation. Under the guidance of U.S. general Douglas MacArthur the Japanese were subjected to the most sweeping program of reform they had experienced since the Meiji Restoration. The establishment of Democracy in Japan is crucial in the composition of the modern nation of Japan. The modern nation of Japan is a result of expansionist prospects that resulted in war between the nations of Korea, China, and the United States. Modern Japan is a result of the Sino-Japanese War, conflict with China, and the Pacific War, as well as the process of establishing a democratic state. These events combined (as well as numerous others not mentioned in this paper) marked the transformation of a militaristic and expansionist empire in to a democratic nation and ally.

Intelligence Definition and Measurement

Question a Though the construct of intelligence has been in being for a long period of clip, there has been no acceptable definition of what intelligence really is. Further, the beginning of intelligence remains elusive, merely as is the value and truth of its trials. Assorted governments have attempted to specify intelligence from different positions. One common definition is that it is ‘the capacity to get and use cognition. ‘ ( Gardner, 1999 ) . Another authorization looks at it as the ability that intelligence trials step. Though definitions are by and large used for general intents, there are certain facets that they fail to turn to. In the first topographic point, there are people with histories of autism or those who are mentally retarded, but who are exceptionally talented in specific countries such as music, but hapless in others such as mathematics ( Angela, 2003 ) . Other people are able to make certain things because of the environment in which they stay, and non because they are intelligent. A kid who grows up in a house with a Television set can run it unlike one who does n't cognize what a Television set is. Others are able do carry through certain things because of familial factors, and non because they are intelligent. One ‘s province of wellness can besides impact the manner he acquires and applies cognition, which is non needfully a grade of intelligence. On the other manus, there are people who have been brought up in certain environments, but who are unable to use the cognition f rom the environment to make certain things. These may be presumed to be less intelligent. The theory of multiple intelligences, propounded by Howard Gardner, best tantrums my selected instruments. He identified seven constituents of intelligence which are independent, and each of which is possessed by different persons to different grades. These are the visual-spatial intelligence, the verbal-linguistic intelligence, the bodily-kinetic intelligence, the logical-mathematical intelligence, the interpersonal, and the musical, intrapersonal and realistic intelligence ( Gardner, 1999 ) . Question B The dependability of ACER Test of Reasonability can be tested. Several points which claim to mensurate similar general concepts are tested to see if they produce similar tonss. The campaigner ‘s intelligence and general cognition is tested by each of the 70 points. The trial has been declared 85 per centum reliable. Cogency refers to how strong decisions, propositions and illations on a given issue are ( Oswald, 2001 ) . There should be a correlativity between the instructor ‘s evaluations and the tonss obtained by the pupils. Reasonable dependability and cogency of a trial must accomplish both educational and vocational counsel in establishments of acquisition. The normative process has to make with a choice of a good figure of people whom the trial is to be administered to. The broad country from which the choice is done is likely to do anomalousnesss because of varied geographical, school type, gender, linguistic communication and the societal and economical backgrounds. Bias could be as a consequence of gender. Certain subjects could be better handled by work forces and non adult females, or vise versa. Dependability of The Constructive Thinking stock list could besides be considered. The points on the graduated table must be able to prove what they purport to prove. There should be adequate points proving each variable. Validity relies to a great extent on correlational surveies. A figure of points resting one ‘s emotional and physical fittingness are used. There could besides be instances of prejudice originating from one ‘s age, educational degree, and gender, though these should be curbed if the trial is to hold any significance. Accomplishment trials are used in both academic and professional scenes. They include the Basic Achievement Skills Inventory ( BASI ) and the Test of Academic Performance ( TOAP ) ( Reynolds, 1998 ) . BASI is administered as a group trial. It can assist place larning disablements common in reading, numeracy, choice pupils for particular accomplishments, college arrangement etc. TOAP estimates the academic public presentation of kids topographic points them in classs in footings of accomplishment and analyze how their public presentation has changed over clip. It employs a aggregation of six topics. Two are related to reading while four are administered to persons and groups. The trial is timed, and is meant to be done rapidly and easy. Reliability testing is done to prove the stableness of the consequences on a test-retest footing in the BASI appraisal. The first and 2nd testing of each pupil is computed and correlated. Two hebdomads are allowed between trials. The estimations from test-retest samples are largely reasonably strong. Cogency could besides be tested by looking at the assorted subsets of the pupils to be tested. The norming process could affect random sampling, and attention taken to avoid any prejudice for or against any group. Dependability and cogency for tonss does non come out really clearly in TOAP. However, the test-retest method could still be used. Validity could be looked at by correlativities between subsets. As is the instance with others, possible countries of prejudices need to be avoided for so trials to reflect the true place. Question degree Celsius There are many types of appraisal for proving intelligence degrees. These scope from cognition and abilities of a general nature, to countries and topics that are specific. One of these is the ACER Test of Reasonability. The other one is Constructive Thinking Inventory ( CTI ) . The ACER Test of Reasonability consists of 70 multiple pick points which seek to prove the general ability of scholars between 9 and 11 old ages, and it is largely used in Australia. Focus is on single tonss, whose consequences assist the instructor usher and advocate pupils refering vocational preparation. All inquiries are to be answered, even if the reply is non perfectly known. The Constructive Thinking Inventory ( CTI ) consists of 108 self-reporting points. It is designed for mature people of over 18 old ages. Descriptive statements of idea and behavior are given, where the respondent is supposed to rate himself on a graduated table from 1 ( Absolutely False ) to 5 ( Absolutely True ) ( Simons, 1998 ) . The trial measures one ‘s ability to believe constrictively or destructively. The consequences from this sort of appraisal are used to assist in psychotherapeutics. It is besides used in reding substance maltreaters, pupils in college, human resource choice and work related issues in organisations. Question vitamin D There are a figure of ethical issues associated with accomplishment and intelligence trials in instruction. Consideration should be put to the fact that an test can forever alter person ‘s life. Care should hence be taken when puting and administrating. A low achieving pupil could for illustration be put in a particular category from where his demands can easy be met. One could hold misinterpreted the inquiries and therefore given the incorrect replies, non because he is non intelligent. If the trial is culturally biased, the pupil ‘s public presentation is likely to be affected. Care should hence be taken to avoid this scenario. The pupil ‘s degree ; of success can easy be hindered by IQ trials which are frequently considered biased. Ethically hence, an appraisal of pupils must hold an unquestionable degree of dependability and cogency. The foregoing discourse establishes that the definition of intelligence is varied, and frequently combative. Assorted theories whose purpose nevertheless is to assist in the apprehension of intelligence exists. Measures and trials at the disposal of instructors could be employed to guarantee that proving meets the needed criterions.MentionsAngela, C. ( 2003 ) . Intelligence and Autism. New York. Pride BooksGardner, Howard. ( 1999 ) â€Å" Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the twenty-first Century. † New York: Basic Books. Reynolds, W. ( 1998 ) . Intelligence Theories and Tests. Virginia: Oswald. H. ( 2001 ) . Trials for Research Instruments. Vermouth: Cedar Pine Publishers St. simons, T ( 1998 ) Trials and Measurements of Intelligence. Hollywood: Noel Publications Intelligence Definition and Measurement Critique of the definitions of IntelligenceThere are certainly many definitions of intelligence as there are experts who study it. A Psychologist, R.J. Sternberg (2000), editor of handbook of intelligence offered variety definitions from various writers. Few of these definitions done by the editors of the Journal of Educational Psychology, which I consider fits for this paper are as follows:â€Å"Intelligence is sensory capacity, capacity for perceptual recognition, quickness, range on flexibility or association, facility and imagination, span of attention, quickness, or alertness in response† (p. 8).Intelligence is also defined as â€Å"the ability to learn or having learned to adjust one self to the environment† (p. 8). There are still more definitions but to conserve some space I just chose two. Indeed, all the definitions offered by the editors of the Journal of the Educational Psychology were obviously product of years of studies as most of the definitions were dir ected towards mental ability. The definitions above identify the intelligent person not only in terms of the intellectual ability of the mind but in its ability to quickly adjust to new environment.The Measures of IntelligenceThe Standford – Binet theory of intelligence fits for these two definitions because the measures of intelligence test are more related. The Standford-Binet intelligence tests cover four major areas such as verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, abstract/visual reasoning, and short-term memory. Scores include raw scores and scaled scores for each of the 15 subtests, scaled scores and percentile ranks for a composite of the four area scores, a composite of any combination of the four area scores and a profile of all 15 subtests based on scaled scores. A pretest is administered to identify the level at which to begin testing. Scores corresponding to IQ’s are called â€Å"Standford Age Scores†.Meanwhile, the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT ) has a number of positive features according to Joseph F. Jastak. He explained that the WRAT is fast and simple to manage and score, the examiner can create choices in the content of the test and in management of the form (Singular or Combined). The prototype of errors that a person has done can be analyzed qualitatively, particularly if the collective form of the test is used, since the WRAT scores are free from the polluting effect or understanding the standard score can be used for comparison with other tests, e.g. the Weschler Scales – in order to determine learning ability or disability, the evidence for construct soundness and dependability is highly regarded and as the literacy sub-tests are untimed, the subject can complete these segment with no time pressures.The WRAT can offer an indicator for the measurement of fundamental reading, spelling and arithmetical skills in individuals with few or no academic qualifications. It can also be used in combination with other tests to present a more wide-ranging picture of the individual academic skills to determine learning ability or disability.Comparing and Contrasting of Selected IntelligenceBoth Kaufman assessment battery for children or K-ABC and the Stanford-Benit theories offered the same areas of concern, cognitive development. They both paid attention to intelligence testing beginning from the child’s early age. However, Kaufman’s ABC development assessment focused on particular groups such as the handicapped group, those with learning disabilities, and cultural minorities. On the other hand, The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale presents their test items by age level rather than by particular groupings of special people. Kaupman ABC can also be viewed as rather insufficient in the since that it still needs to be reinforced by other more established, and well studied neuropsychological test such as Stanford-Binet, Wechler scales, and McCarty scales.How the goals are are similar an d differentThe Stanford-Binet theory in contrast with the insufficiency of the Kaufman’s ABC intelligence test is well established and offers a wide range of studies involving all age levels. They have established theories on both language and cognitive development. Kaufman study paid attention on their studies of intelligence on emotionally seriously disturbed children. Their focus is on cognitive development based relationships rather than language skills, while the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale offers measures of the person’s general intelligence. In this case, they were on different focus of providing intelligence measurement.How are the Tests Used?In Kaufman’s intelligence scale test is made of sixteen parts. The child then is to complete some task that usually involves placing items in sequence. The child is then evaluated on his or her mathematical, spatial, the ability to mentally process the tasks or problems, and reading skills. The Stanford-Binet intelligence scale Jacquelin Goldman, Claudia L’Engle Stein, and Shirley Guerry (1983) noted that intelligence measurement tests were given at age range from two years old through adulthood. They cited that at each of the age levels there are six items and one alternate item. But from age two through five, test levels are at half-year level intervals, then at age six through fourteen, test levels are at yearly intervals. Goldman, L’Engle and Guerry pointed out that test content conducted for age two, includes form board, delayed response, identifying parts of the body, building blocks, word combinations, and identifying objects by name (p. 148).Purpose of Giving Differing TestIn Kaufman ABC, the purpose of test is for the assessment of the cognitive development, while Stanford-Binet provides the test to measure person’s general intelligence. This is obtained by presenting to the individual a variety of tasks of known increasing difficulty.Examining the Ethical C onsiderations Associated with Achievements and Intelligence Test in EducationAside from children, maybe adult are maybe more liberal in this aspect as long as test that were conducted does not violate any of rights, or as long as it does abuse them. I believe that there is nothing ethically inappropriate with test measures of both Kaufman and the Stanford-Binet. However, test conducted for children should be more cautious especially with use materials. Lead toxicity and choking hazards should be extremely under strict monitoring. Data revealed that prolong exposure to toxic materials may lead to serious renal, hematologic, and neurologic complications (. 117)ReferencesGoldman, J., Stein, C. E., & Guerry, S. (1983). Psychological Methods of Child Assessment. New York. Brunner/Mazel Inc..Sternberg, R.J. (2000). Handbook of Intlligence. U.S.A. Cambrige University Press.Guide to Clinical preventive Services. (1989) U.S. Preventive Task force. U.S.A. Reane PublishingInternet source:Kaufm an Assessment Battery for Childrenwww.cps.nova.edu/~cpphelp/KABC.htmlJastak, Joseph. (1978). Wide Range Achievement Test, Jastak Associates, Incorporated.www.cumc.columbia.edu/dept/sergievsky/cnd/pdfs/ReadingLevel.pdf

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Essay

The novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (Kesey, 1962) is narrated from the point of view of a character called â€Å"The Chief† who is an inmate of the mental asylum in which the story takes place. The book opens with a scene where the Chief is sweeping the floor and ends with the Chief escaping from the asylum, and so the changing perceptions of the Chief are a key to the main messages of the book. The character who occupies most of the action in the book is a rebellious newcomer called McMurphy. It is McMurphy who is the catalyst for the change in the Chief, showing him a both a different way to see the asylum and a number of strategies of resistance which ultimately allow the Chief to break free. This paper will analyse how the Chief perceives the asylum in the early stages of the book, focusing especially on the concept of â€Å"the Combine†. After that Murphy’s view of the world will be presented, along with his various resistance strategies. In conclusion the Chief’s revised view of â€Å"the Combine† will be analysed, showing what has changed in his understanding of the world of the asylum, and of the world in general. At the start of the book it is not immediately evident that the Chief is mentally ill. He explains that he is half Indian and chooses to be deaf and dumb: â€Å"I’m cagey enough to fool them that much† (Kesey, p. 9) His separation from the world of sound is presented as a deliberate defence against oppression, but the reader may suspect that it is a symptom of a mental illness like paranoia or schizophrenia. It is a feature of the book that medical descriptions are avoided, and the reader is left to figure out for him or herself whether or not, or to what extent the characters are ill or mad. The Chief imagines the Big Nurse having powers that extend via wires which only he can see: â€Å"I see her sit in the centre of this web of wires like a watchful robot, tend her network with mechanical insect skill†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kesey, p. 27). He imagines that she is working to control the world outside the institution also, suggesting that there is a huge conspiracy against him and the other inmates called â€Å"the Combine† which he defines as â€Å"a huge organization that aims to adjust the Outside as well as the Inside† (Kesey, p. 27). This analogy works both as a description of a delusion, with no basis in reality, and as an artistic representation of an institution (the asylum) and a wider authoritarian society (conservative American society in the early 1960s) which operates on a rigid and inhuman basis. At the start of the book the Chief, and through him the reader, feel this cold, hard, oppressive force and see the inmates as victims of its power. One way of making this chilling force constantly present in the narrative is the Chief’s use of vocabulary relating to machinery to describe all of the asylum personnel. The three â€Å"black boys† who are orderlies working for the Big Nurse speak with the â€Å"hum of black machinery† (Kesey, p. 9) and the most frightening of all is Nurse Ratched herself: â€Å"She works the hinges of her elbows and fingers †¦ She starts moving,†¦when she rumbles past she’s already as big as a truck, trailing that wicker bag behind her in her exhaust like a semi behind a Jimmy Diesel†¦ and her smile’s going out before her like a radiator grill. † (Kesey, p 79). These are inhuman images used to describe the leaders of an inhuman regime. The arrival of McMurphy into the story makes a huge impression on the Chief who, despite his huge size, is cowering and fearful of the cold and all-controlling power of the Combine. The first impression is of McMurphy’s â€Å"loud brassy voice† (Kesey, p. 14) Chief significantly makes a connection between this voice and the voice of his Indian father: â€Å"He talks a little the way Papa used to, voice loud and full of hell†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Shortly after this the ward is stunned by the sound of McMurphy’s laughter, which is strange to them because no one ever laughs in this oppressive place. So much of McMurphy’s verbal behaviour is a surprise to the ward: his laughing, singing and ironic banter are all examples of a language the inmates have forgotten the meaning of. This is one of the most important aspects of McMurphy’s influence. He reminds the inmates of a different kind of communication with authority and with each other that is free and spontaneous, unconcerned about the hierarchies of the asylum context, and taking everything less seriously than the authorities intend things to be taken. McMurphy mocks people, including his friends, in order to show that there is more than just one way of seeing things, and that the asylum’s regime is ridiculous when viewed from outside perspectives. He argues with the Big Nurse, and he laughs at her rants and rages. This is a subversive attitude, and it sparks new thoughts in all the inmates, setting off a chain reaction of awareness that cannot be stopped. The first meeting of McMurphy and the Chief is also an important moment in the book, and this time the Chief is struck by the touch of McMurphy’s hand: â€Å"It rang with blood and power† (Kesey, p. 25). Later, when sweeping out the sleeping area, the Chief notices a smell that he has never encountered before in all this time on the ward; â€Å"the man smell of dust and dirt from the open fields, and sweat, and work. † (Kesey, p. 83). It is as if the Chief is rediscovering through the presence of McMurphy, all the natural human senses which had been dulled or switched out of commission by the Combine. Just by being himself McMurphy reawakens the warm, human qualities of the inmates and shows them how to use these qualities against the hard, cold machinery of power. The world that McMurphy represents is offered as a contrast to the regimented, controlled environment of the ward. There is nothing particularly radical about what he represents, for example setting up a voting process to determine the television viewing schedule for the inmates, but in the upside-down regime of the Combine this appears to be a shocking suggestion. Drinking, smoking marijuana and sex with prostitutes are, in the world outside the asylum, quite ordinary and natural expressions of normal masculine behaviour in large sections of the community. It is the abuse of power by the Big Nurse in talking to Billy Bibbit’s mother that turns the antics of the inmates from a prank into a tragedy. In every society it is common for young males to push boundaries and experiment with things that are forbidden by teachers, parents and authority figures. It is part of normal growing up. The irony of the asylum is, that it takes an oppressed youngster like Billy and then just when he catches a glimpse of sexual and other kinds of freedom via McMurphy, crushes his spirit so completely that he takes his own life. The book depicts a struggle for power over the inmates: â€Å"As the many symbols and images indicate, the central theme of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is the restoration of the inmates’ individual and collective potency. (Lupack, 1995, p. 94). Whether as group, or as separate individuals, McMurphy encourages the inmates to take back the power that has been unjustly stolen from them by the institution. Some critics have seen McMurphy in religious terms, as a character who sacrifices himself in order to save his brothers: â€Å"The fishing scene is an extended figure of Christ and his disciples, and instance of McMurphy as fisher of men. † (Hicks, 1981, p. 174). Hicks points out that there are images of the cross and the crown of thorns in descriptions of the electric shock table, and that McMurphy’s men are â€Å"physically cannibalizing him† (1981, p. 5) by wearing him out more and more as he transfers his power and energy over to them. It is true that as McMurphy’s influence grows, more and more of the inmates rebel or discharge themselves, or in the case of the Chief, make a spectacular escape but this is a book that does not come with a happy ending and salvation in a heavenly future. McMurph y is turned into a lobotomized shell of his old self which the Chief kills out of mercy, as an Indian would kill an injured animal. The future of the other characters is not known. The freedom that the Chief gains is a freedom from the real and imagined â€Å"wires and connections† (Kesey, p. 254) that he rips up when he throws the control box out of the window. In conclusion, then, it appears that the Chief has changed his view of the Combine. He leaves the delusions and the asylum behind but he still must navigate his way in the outside world. It remains to be seen how he will tackle the Combine-like injustices and oppressive forces in the wider world. He does not have his mentor McMurphy with him, and must only go back to where he started and try to reintegrate into a community that has been oppressed and exploited by the building of a great dam. The great difference at the end of the book is that that he wants to go back to his old haunts â€Å"just to bring some of it clear in my mind again† (Kesey, p. 254) and thanks to the example shown by McMurphy, he can now do this with courage and clarity, seeing possibilities of collective resistance rather than just being isolated and crushed by overwhelming institutional power.

Conjugate the Japanese Verb Kuru (to Come)

Conjugate the Japanese Verb Kuru (to Come) The word kuru is a very common Japanese word and one of the first that students learn. Kuru, which means to come or to arrive, is an irregular verb. The following charts will help you understand how to conjugate kuru and use it correctly when writing or speaking. Notes on Kuru Conjugations The chart provides conjugations for ​kuru in various tenses and moods. The table begins with the  dictionary form. The basic form of all Japanese verbs ends with -u. This is the form listed in the dictionary and is the informal, present affirmative form of the verb. This form is used among close friends and family in informal situations. This is followed by the  -masu form. The suffix -masu is added to the dictionary form of verbs to make sentences polite, an important consideration in Japanese society. Aside from changing the tone, it has no meaning. This form is used in situations requiring politeness or a degree of formality and is more appropriate for general use. Note also the conjugation for the  -te form, which is an important  Japanese verb  form to know. It does not indicate tense by itself; however, it combines with various verb forms to create other tenses. Additionally, it has many other unique usages, such as speaking in the present progressive, connecting successive verbs, or asking for permission. Conjugating Kuru The table presents the tense or mood first in the left column, with the form noted just below. The transliteration of the Japanese word is listed in bold in the right column with the word written in  Japanese characters  directly below each transliterated word. Kuru (to come) Informal Present(dictionary form) kuruæ  ¥Ã£â€šâ€¹ Formal Present(-masu form) kimasuæ  ¥Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢ Informal Past (-ta form) kitaæ  ¥Ã£ Å¸ Formal Past kimashitaæ  ¥Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿ Informal Negative(-nai form) konaiæ  ¥Ã£  ªÃ£ â€ž Formal Negative kimasenæ  ¥Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œ Informal Past Negative konakattaæ  ¥Ã£  ªÃ£ â€¹Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸ Formal Past Negative kimasen deshitaæ  ¥Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿ -te form kiteæ  ¥Ã£  ¦ Conditional kurebaæ  ¥Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ° Volitional koyouæ  ¥Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€  Passive korareruæ  ¥Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ Causative kosaseruæ  ¥Ã£ â€¢Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€¹ Potential korareruæ  ¥Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ Imperative(command) koiæ  ¥Ã£ â€ž Kuru Sentence Examples If youre curious about how to use kuru in sentences, it can be helpful to read examples. A  few sample sentences will allow you to peruse how the verb is used in various  contexts. Kare wa kyou gakkou ni konakatta.Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã£  ¯Ã¤ »Å Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã¦   ¡Ã£  «Ã¦  ¥Ã£  ªÃ£ â€¹Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š He didn't come to school today. Watashi no uchi ni kite kudasai.ç § Ã£  ®Ã£ â€ Ã£  ¡Ã£  «Ã¦  ¥Ã£  ¦Ã£  Ã£   Ã£ â€¢Ã£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š Please come to my house. Kinyoubi ni korareru?金æ›Å"æâ€" ¥Ã£  «Ã¦  ¥Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ï ¼Å¸ Can you come on Friday? Special Uses The website  Self Taught Japanese  notes that there are several special uses for  kuru, particularly to specify the direction of an action, as in: OtÃ… sanha arigatÃ…  tte itte kita. (㠁Šçˆ ¶Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¯Ã£â‚¬Å'㠁‚り㠁Å'㠁 ¨Ã£ â€ Ã£â‚¬ Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã¨ ¨â‚¬Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£  Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š) My dad said thanks  to me. This sentence also uses  kita, the informal past (-ta form). You can also use the verb in the -te form to indicate the action has been going on for some time up until now, as in: Nihongo o dokugaku de benkyÃ…  shite kimashita. (æâ€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£â€šâ€™Ã§â€¹ ¬Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã£  §Ã¥â€¹â€°Ã¥ ¼ ·Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦) Up until now, I’ve studied Japanese on my own. Self Taught Japanese adds that in this example, it’s difficult to capture the nuance in English, but you can think of the sentence meaning that the speaker or writer has been gathering experience before arriving at the present moment.

Overview of United States Relations With France

Overview of United States Relations With France Americas birth is intertwined with the involvement of France in North America. French explorers and colonies scattered across the continent. French military forces were indispensable for America ´s independence from Great Britain. And the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France launched the United States on a path toward becoming a continental, and then global, power. The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France to the people of the United States. Prominent Americans such as Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison have served as ambassadors or envoys to France. The American Revolution inspired supporters of the French Revolution of 1789. In World War II, U.S. forces were instrumental in freeing France from Nazi occupation. Later in the 20th Century, France drove the creation of the European Union in part to counter U.S. power in the world. In 2003, the relationship was in trouble when France declined to support U.S. plans to invade Iraq. The relationship healed somewhat again with the election of the pro-American ex-president  Nicholas Sarkozy  in 2007. Trade Some three million Americans visit France each year. The United States and France share deep trade and economic relations. Each country is among the others largest trading partners. The most high profile global economic competition between France and the United States is in the commercial aircraft industry. France, through the European Union, supports​ Airbus as a rival to American-owned​ Boeing. Diplomacy On the diplomatic front, both are among the founders of the United Nations, NATO, World Trade Organization, G-8, and a host of other international bodies. The U.S. and France remain as two of only five members of the United Nations Security Council with permanent seats and veto power over all council actions.

N2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

N2 - Assignment Example The skills and talents can be honed and developed to contribute to the care of the patient, while the personality of the person has to be taken into account when making decisions of a person’s role in patient care to maximize the good that person can do. The job factor is all about finding the right task for the right people. It means matching up jobs that require certain skill to someone proficient in that skill. It makes the job easier and more effective for everyone. To do this, one must know about the person taking care of the patient as well as the patient himself/herself. Fitting the job to a person’s strengths is not just a matter of making it easier. It is a wise use of resources which would be invaluable, especially in a hospital where lives are at stake. The organization is the interactions and the standards set between the health care staff. It is composed of the health and safety culture, the leadership system, and the communications of the health care providers. This is important because even if the right people are available for the right jobs, a lack of coordination from the organization could undo such advantages. Taken as a whole, The field of Human Factors are variables that define the relationships between people, work, and the systems governing them in a specific area (Carstens, 2005, p. 83). The effective manipulation of these factors in a hospital setting is matters of life and death, thus are sound candidates for careful scrutiny and application. In the medical-surgical setting, we can see many instances where human factors contribute to the welfare of patients. Sadly, mistakes are unavoidable, and it is here where we find the limits of the human factors, as well as areas to find improvement. Surgical practice is one of the best situations wherein human factors are apparent, and the effects are immediately appreciable. The

Pricing Scheme Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pricing Scheme - Research Paper Example The United States stock market is the place where individuals buy or sell stocks. The markets’ sellers sell the companies’ products to the eager stock buyers. Similarly, the stock market sellers offer to buy the stocks sold by the stock owners. Economics plays a major role in the sale or purchase of the stocks. The sellers prefer to sell more stocks at higher prices. Similarly, the buyers prefer to buy stocks at lower prices. As the prices rise, the current and future customers’ demand for the products decline. When the prices rise, the supply of the products increases (Arnold 312). The current research delves on the pricing of the Verizon Company’s stock market prices. The stocks are sold and bought using a controlled computerized software program. The stock market includes the services offered by the stock market agents. The agents are selling the stocks of the communication services company, including Verizon (Morningstar 1). Table 1 shows the prices of the Verizon stocks sold in the digital stock market. The stock market prices show the equilibrium price. The equilibrium price is the price agreed upon by both the Verizon stock sellers and the Verizon stock buyers (Morningstar 1). There are economic interpretations of the stock market prices (Arnold 312). In terms of the January 10, 2014 equilibrium price, the sellers and buyers of 11,454,003 stock units agreed to sell (exchange) the stocks at $ 47.75 per stock. The price dropped from the prior week’s $48.42 stock market price. The price drop was instituted in order to increase the drop in the demand for the Verizon stocks. The 11,454,003 stock units sold show the decline from in the demand for the Verizon stock. The prior week’s stock market units sold (exchange) was higher at 12,045,205 units (Morningstar 1). Similarly, the January 31, 2014 stock market price of the Verizon stock was $48.02 each. At this price, there were 18,558,798 stock units sold.